Heat-exchanging device.



M. KRUPOVESS. HEAT EXGHANGING DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED JULY :10, 1009.

Patented 001'. 11, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

1 1 ill THE NORRIS PETERS c0" wasuuvqrou, n. c.

M. KRUPOVESS.

HEAT EXOHANGING DEVICE. APPLIOATIOH FILED JULY.30,1909.

Patented Oct. 11,1910.

1 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

THE NORRIS PETERS cm, WASHINGTON, n. c.

MICHAEL KBUPOVESS, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

HEAT-EXCHANGING DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 30, 1909.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MICHAEL KRUPovnss, citizen of the Russian Empire, residing at St. Petersburg, Russia, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Heat-Exchanging Devices, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a heat exchanging device which is adapted to serve mainly as a steam coil for uniformly heating fluids or liquids in receptacles of different sections or areas.

As is well known, tubular coils in which the hot or cold medium has a long traverse are not suitable for a uniform exchange of heat, because the balancing of temperature steadily increases from the commencement to the end of the coil, thus causingthe heat transmission capacity to steadily decrease.

In the specification of my prior Russian Patent (No. 12330/07) a steam coil is described, which consists of a large annular steam distributing pipe a smaller annular accumulating pipe for the water of condensation arranged co-axially to this large steam distributing pipe, and also consists of spiral shaped tubular sections connecting these annular pipes the tubular sections quickly yielding up the heat of the steam. It will, however, be obvious that this device does not allow of the attainment of a uniform exchange of heat, for this exchange of heat will naturally be considerably greater at the outside or in the proximity of the annular steam distributing pipe, than inside or in the proximity of the accumulating pipe for the water of condensation, if the heat of the steam in the coil is to be utilized to a fairly satisfactory degree. This arrangement of coils moreover, suffers from additional disadvantages which are very serious from a practical point of view, viz

1. The total surface of the two collecting or distributing rings is very considerable with relation to the total surface of the heat exchanging elements proper, which is a great disadvantage, inasmuch as the cast iron annular collectors or accumulators which are comparatively massive, participate in the exchange of heat only to a very slight extent. 2. The diameter of the annular steam distributer determines the minimum diameter of the receptacle for the fluid or liquid, for which the heat exchanging device is to be used, 2'. c. this device can only be designed for receptacles of a certain diameter, as for every other receptacle having a different diameter another outside ring collector or accumulator and heat exchanging elements of different length are necessary. 3. The connections of the heat ex changing elements with the external ring collector or accumulator (steam distributer) are very difficult of access. All these disadvantages of the heating coil above described, which is rigid and invariable as regards size and shape are overcome or considerably diminished in a simple manner by the invention to be now described and at the same time additional advantages, which are of very considerable practical importance and which will be referred to hereafter, are obtained.

. Two forms of an improved heat exchangmg device are shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan view of one form of the improved heat exchanging device, the top cover of the receptacle containing the coil being removed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of Fig. 1 the receptacle in which the device is arranged being shown in vertical section. Figs. 8 and 4 illustrate in a similar manner a modified form of the invention. Fig. 5 represents a detail view of another modification.

A special feature of the heat exchanging device constructed in accordance with this invention, is the employment of two superposed annular accumulating pipes 1 and 2 of small diameter, which are provided with outwardly directed tubular connecting pieces 3 and 1 respectively. These connecting pieces serve for attaching the ends of a number of thin walled pipes 6 bent or curved, for instance spirally, and which constitute the effective heat exchanging surface of the device. In the drawings special attention is drawn to one of these pipes by showing it in thicker lines.

The steam entering the top annular accumulator 1 through the tubular connecting piece 5 passes simultaneously through all the curved pipes 6, which have a more or less constant gradient, first from inside to outside or from a to b then from outside to inside or from b to c and afterward enters as water into the bottom annular accumulator 2 at a point which is more or less displaced in a horizontal direction relatively to the position where the steam entered and which is situated immediately or approximately beneath the tubular connecting piece for the steam provided 011 another pipe 6 of the device.

7 indicates a tubular connection for a water drain pipe.

By decreasing the size of the two accumulator rlngs l and 2, the ratio between the non-effective surface, that of the rings 1 and 2, and of the effective surface, that of the pipes 6, is made much more favorable, inasmuch as on the one hand the non-effective surfaces are decreased and, on the other hand, the effective surfaces are increased. Further the cost of manufacture of the noneffective parts, i. e. the annular pipes which only take part in the exchange of heat to a very slight degree, is considerably decreased. Further the advantage is obtained that the diameter of the annular pipes neither determines the efiiciency nor the shape nor dimensions of the heat exchanging coils, which advantage is a most important factor. Itis actually possible to use the same sized annular pipes l and 2 for a heat exchanging device according to the invention, the efliciencies of which vary within wide limits, for the efiiciency only depends upon the surface or length of the pipes 6. Further, the capacity or the length of these pipes does not by any means determine the external diameter of the device, as by a relative turning of the rings 1 and 2 about the common axis and by relatively shifting the rings parallel with the axis, 2'. 6., varying the horizontal or vertical distance between the commencement of the pipe and end of the pipe or both distances simultaneously, this diameter may be varied within wide limits. On the other hand, by modifying the length of the pipes 6 the efficiency of the whole device may also be varied within Wide limits. This latter result may be attained with or without retaining a certain diameter. Consequently by using the same rings 1 and 2 and by conveniently determining the length of the pipes 6, heat exchanging coils of vastly varying efliciencies may be produced and the outside diameter of the finished coil can always be easily adapted to the diameter of the receptacle in which the coil is to be used by twisting or turning and shifting the rings 1 and 2. All flanged connections of the coil are easily accessible from the center. The coil is held in the desired position within the receptacle by means of feet resting on the bottom of the receptacle or by carriers or supports bearing on the jacket of the receptacle, or by drop bearings secured to the cover of the receptacle.

The second form of the heat exchanging device illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4t differs from that just described only as regards the shape of the pipes 6, which in this case form a loop a b c, shaped in such a manner that the terminal points aand c of each pipe are arranged exactly or at least approximately above each other. In this arrangement the external diameter of the coil can be varied within certain limits by merely bending the loops formed by the pipes in a radial direction, 2'. 6. without turning, twisting or ad justing the rings 1 and 2.

In both forms the uniform heating or cooling of the liquid or fluid is insured throughout the whole section of the coil, as the liquid or gaseousmedium acts with its highest and lowest temperatures in the cen ter and with its mean temperature on the outer edge. In both forms it is possible, by using a coil made up of tubes 6 of difierent lengths, to produce a device of non-circular shape (quadrangular, square and so on), i. e. a device may be constructed for effecting a uniform exchange of heat in receptacles of non-circular cross-section. The distributing and accumulating rings 1 and 2 may be of a circular oval or any desired polygonal shape.

By suitably chosing the lengths of the various pipes 6 a device may be constructed by which a desired non-uniform exchange of heat is obtained, this resulting in the circulation of the fluid taking place according to certain laws or along a prescribed course. All these advantages cannot be obtained with ordinary heat exchanging coils, nor with heat exchanging coils constructed in accordance with the Russian Patent No. 12380.

If it is intended to diminish, or to dispense altogether with, the inner space or area limited by the rings 1 and 2 and not directly heated or cooled, the device just described may be provided with additional pipes 9 (see Figs. 1 and 3 in which only one of these pipes is shown) which are bent inward the length, shape and number of these additional pipes being chosen according to requirements in various cases and independently of the shape, length and number of pipes 6. If a gas or superheated steam is used as the heating agent and the velocity of circulation of this medium is such that it leaves the coil still in the form of a gas or steam, or if a highly volatile liquid is used as a refrigerating or cooling agent, then the lower ring 2 may be used as a receiving accumulator and the upper ring 1 as a discharging accumulator.

If desired, the rings 1 and 2 may be subdivided in several sections or chambers, for example, by partitions 8 interposed between the flanges 8 of the constituent parts of same, said sections being fed separately, and, as the case may be, with different heating or cooling agents, with a view to vary or regulate at will the heat exchanging process. In this case a separate feed nozzle will be provided for each section, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.

What I claim is 1. In a heat exchanging device, a pair of superposed annular chambers, in combination with a series of thinwalled, outwardly bent tubes connected with their ends to the outer walls of said annular chambers, communicating with said chambers and extend ing outwardly at their intermediate portions, means for feeding fluid to the one annular chamber, and means for discharging the same from the other annular chamber.

2. In a heat-exchanging device, a pair of superposed annular chambers, in combination with a series of thin walled tubes, each connected at its ends to the two outer walls of the annular chambers, communicating with said chambers and extending outwardly therefrom at their intermediate portions, and a second series of thin-walled tubes each connected at its ends to the inner walls of the annular chambers, communicating with said chambers and extending inwardly therefrom, means for feeding fluid to one annular chamber, and means for discharging the same from the other chamber.

3. In a heat-exchanging device, a pair of superposed annular bodies composed of sections separated by transverse artitions, in combination with a series 0 thin-walled tubes connecting said annular bodies and communicating therewith, means for separately feeding fluid to each section of one body, and means for discharging the same from the corresponding sections of the other body.

4. In a heat-exchanging device, an annular body composed of curved sections flanged at their ends, the flanges of adjoining sections being connected, in combination with partitions interposed between the adjoining flanges.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MICHAEL KRUPOVESS.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM STEININGER, HANS ACHEVEN. 

